[Heterogeneous distribution of the prevalence of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies among blood donors in the State of Puebla, Mexico]. / Distribución heterogénea de la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi en donadores de sangre en Puebla, México.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence and associated factors, of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi Ab) among blood donors living in rural and suburban areas and risk regions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2003, in 2489 blood donors of seven regions of Puebla, who were evaluated for mandatory viral and T. cruzi serological tests using validated procedures. RESULTS: The seroprevalence for T. cruzi Ab was 1.24% (31/2489), similar to hepatitis C (HVC) (1.5%) and higher than human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (0.4%) and hepatitis B (HVB) (0.3%). The highest seroprevalences were observed in the regions of Tehuacan-Sierra Negra and Mixteca, up to 2.6%, while in Sierra nororiental and Angelopolis no positive blood donors were identified. A positive association was observed between seropositivity and being older than forty years and being born and raised in Tehuacan-Sierra Negra and Mixteca. CONCLUSIONS: T. cruzi seroprevalence distribution is heterogeneous, from 0% to 2.6%, with higher seroprevalences in the regions of Tehuacan-Sierra Negra and Mixteca.

Distribución heterogénea de la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi en donadores de sangre en Puebla, México / Heterogeneous distribution of the prevalence of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies among blood donors in the State of Puebla, Mexico

OBJETIVO: Identificar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos anti Trypanosoma cruzi (Ac anti-T. cruzi) en donadores de sangre que habitan en ámbito rural y suburbano, así como las regiones del estado de mayor riesgo y factores asociados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado de enero a diciembre de 2003. Se analizaron 2 489 donadores de sangre reclutados en 10 puestos de sangrado del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) distribuidos en las siete regiones económicas del estado de Puebla, México. Se determinó la seroprevalencia mediante las pruebas serológicas obligatorias del panel viral y, además, para T. cruzi, región de reclutamiento y de origen de los donadores. RESULTADOS: La seroprevalencia de Ac anti-T. cruzi fue de 1.24 por ciento (31/2 489) comparable con la obtenida para el virus de la hepatitis C (1.5 por ciento) y por arriba de la del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (0.4 por ciento) y del antígeno de superficie del virus de la hepatitis B (0.3 por ciento). Las regiones de Tehuacán-Sierra Negra y Mixteca fueron las de mayor riesgo con seroprevalencias, por el origen del donador, de 2.6 por ciento para T. cruzi, mientras que en los originarios de las regiones Sierra nororiental y Angelópolis no se detectaron casos positivos. Se observó asociación entre ser seropositivo y mayor de 40 años y ser originario de las regiones de Tehuacán-Sierra Negra y Mixteca. CONCLUSIONES: La distribución de seroprevalencia a T. cruzi es heterogénea, oscila desde 0 por ciento hasta 2.6 por ciento, y se reconoce a Tehuacán-Sierra Negra y Mixteca como las regiones de mayor riesgo.

Experimental arthritis induced by a clinical Mycoplasma fermentans isolate.

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma fermentans has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, it was detected in the joints and blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not clear yet how the bacteria enter the body and reach the joints. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of M. fermentans to induce experimental arthritis in rabbits following inoculation of the bacteria in the trachea and knee joints. METHODS: P-140 and PG-18 strains were each injected in the knee joints of 14 rabbits in order to evaluate and compare their arthritogenicity. P-140 was also injected in the trachea of 14 rabbits in order to test the ability of the bacteria to reach the joints and induce arthritis. RESULTS: M. fermentans produced an acute arthritis in rabbits. Joint swelling appeared first in rabbits injected with P-140, which caused a more severe arthritis than PG-18. Both strains were able to migrate to the uninoculated knee joints and they were detected viable in the joints all along the duration of the experiment. Changes in the synovial tissue were more severe by the end of the experiment and characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils and substitution of adipose tissue by connective tissue. Rabbits intracheally injected with P-140 showed induced arthritis and the bacteria could be isolated from lungs, blood, heart, kidney, spleen, brain and joints. CONCLUSION: M. fermentans induced arthritis regardless of the inoculation route. These findings may help explain why mycoplasmas are commonly isolated from the joints of rheumatic patients.